The really golden part of the Golden Age of Greece took place in a pretty small area, actually. It took place mostly on the Attic peninsula, and mostly in the city of Athens. But most scholars include the years after Athens was destroyed as part of the Golden Age, the years when Greece was conquered and ruled by the Macedonians, and then Greek culture was spread all over the eastern Mediterranean. The generally accepted end of the Golden Age is the death of Alexander, in 323 BC. But we are getting ahead of ourselves here, we haven’t even really introduced our friend Alexander.
I did mention Alexander when talking about Aristotle, because Aristotle was his tutor. Aristotle was called to Macedon from Athens by Alexander’s father, Philip.